Moraes Marilia
The incidence of orthopaedic implants is rising worldwide, with hundreds of thousands of surgeries performed each year. However, due to inadequate bone integration, a sizeable fraction of these surgeries fail. Numerous research directions have been looked at to address this problem and enhance the biocompatibility of orthopaedic devices by altering the body's reaction to the implant surface. Orthopedic surfaces with biomimetic functionalization can signal through immobilised proteins and other biomolecules to influence the biological response. By encouraging osteoblast development and bone growth at the implant surface, this strategy hopes to integrate the orthopaedic surface with the surrounding bone tissue. The requirement for biomimetic functionalization is first highlighted in this review from a materials and biological standpoint. the characteristics of the surface that control protein-surface interactions are subsequently explained. We review and discuss developments in the biomolecule functionalization of orthopaedic surfaces through adsorption, chemical covalent immobilisation, and physical covalent immobilisation. Each approach's immobilisation mechanisms are looked at, and the tactics are rated for complexity, effectiveness, reproducibility, and scalability. Then, new and promising directions for the multi-functionalization of biomimetic surfaces and the conversion of 2D substrates to 3D substrates are investigated.
KeywordsSurface bio-functionalization; Biomolecules; Osseointegration; Titanium
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